Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes among Adults, Duration Impact on Complications, Insulin Resistance, and Cortisol in Telafer District

Section: Research Article
Issue
Vol. 35 No. 4 (2026): Volume 35, Issue 4
Pages
127-135

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, often accompanied by serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and kidney disease. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of T2DM among adults in the Telafer district, Iraq (predominantly Turkmen), compared with previous data from Mosul city (predominantly Arabs). In addition to investigating the effect of the disease duration on the likelihood of developing common complications, insulin resistance, and cortisol levels. This community-based cross-sectional study included 350 adults, selected using stratified random sampling to determine the prevalence of T2DM. A case-control analysis was used to compare biochemical indicators and assess the prevalence of common complications among the three study groups: healthy individuals, T2DM <10 yrs , and T2DM ≥ 10 yrs. The prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM was found to be 23.14% and 19.42%, respectively. The study also indicated that obesity and family history among the district's residents played a significant role in the development of T2DM. Furthermore, the study showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the prevalence of common complications of T2DM and elevated cortisol levels over time. However, the highest insulin levels and insulin resistance index were observed in newly diagnosed patients. In conclusion, the level of T2DM among the population of the Telafer district is much higher than the one reported in Mosul. This discrepancy underlines the need for further prospective studies to explore the factors underlying this population that are demographic, genetic and lifestyle. Finally, prolonged disease is also a big part of increased incidence of common complications, insulin sensitivity and cortisol, highlighting the need for early detection and intervention.

Keywords:

Ethnic variation, Family history, Hypertension, Obesity

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Author

Ashraf R. S. Alsafar

University Presidency of Telafer, University of Telafer, Nineveh, Iraq

Identifiers

DOI: 10.33899/ge9kw579

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[1]
“Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes among Adults, Duration Impact on Complications, Insulin Resistance, and Cortisol in Telafer District”, JES, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 127–135, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.33899/ge9kw579.
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How to Cite

[1]
“Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes among Adults, Duration Impact on Complications, Insulin Resistance, and Cortisol in Telafer District”, JES, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 127–135, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.33899/ge9kw579.