The study deals with the military and political role of slaves and loyalists in the Arabian Peninsula from the Prophets mission until the end of the prophetic era (13 AH / 610 - 632 AD) to know the importance of the cultural role played by slaves and loyalists in a period that is considered the most important in human history.The study included three sections:In the first chapter, the study deals with the linguistic and terminological concept of "slaves" and "loyalists"; in the second chapter, it deals with the role of the slaves and the loyalists in the military and political life before the prophetic mission, and explains their role in providing military requirements in Arabian peninsula.In the third chapter, the study discusses the role of slaves and loyalists in military and political life after the Prophets mission, compared to what it was before the Prophets mission. The researcher divided this chapter into two parts: in the first one, he talks about the most important weapons that slaves and loyalists had a role in manufacturing and transporting to the Arabian Peninsula. In the second part, he also talks about the role of slaves and loyalists in participating with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, in battles. Their role in giving military advices that had a significant role in resolving battles in favor of the Muslims. The researcher also talks about the impact of this military and political progress on the civilizational aspect of the Arabian Peninsula as a whole.