The ancient Iraqis were keen to document their economic and social transactions by writing various contracts in order to establish the rights of the contracting parties. Grazing contracts are among the well-known contracts in Mesopotamia. They are economic contracts concluded between the shepherd and the livestock owner, and according to them, the number of livestock is determined and the rights of the shepherd and the penalty conditions are established in the event of loss of livestock or causing loss. Grazing contracts were of great importance in knowing much of the lives of shepherds and herds in Mesopotamia, as they showed us the relationship of law to the daily lives of shepherds and livestock owners. The cuneiform texts were the main source in this study, in addition to some scientific sources that addressed the topic of grazing and shepherds. We relied on the descriptive approach in our study.