Synthesis, Characterization and Study of the Antibacterial Activity of CuFe2O4 Nanoparticles and Their Toxicity Measurement

Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have enormous applications due to their remarkable physical and chemical properties. The synthesis of NPs has been a matter of concern because chemical methods are toxic. CuFe₂O₄ spinel nanocomposites were prepared using green chemistry method and characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDX spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR spectroscopy of CuFe₂O₄ showed two broad bands at 365 and 547 cm^-1. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the average particle size was 30.62 nm. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images exhibited an irregular dislike morphology of nanoparticles that agglomerated more in the case of green synthesis. The SEM micrograph of CuFe₂O₄ nanoparticles with a predominantly spherical shape. The particles exhibit significant agglomeration, resulting in an average diameter of approximately 107.24 nm. The inhibition of the prepared CuFe₂O₄ composites on Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from Diyala River water was studied. The inhibition of the spinel nanocomposites was measured using five successive concentrations (500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000) μg/ml. The results showed that CuFe₂O₄ exhibited growth inhibitory activity against E. coli, with the highest growth inhibition rate against. At 1000 μg/ml, the E. coli concentration was 63.2%.  At 500 μg/ml, the lowest growth inhibition rate against E. coli was 17.6%. The toxicity of CuFe₂O₄ compounds was studied on the HUVEC endothelial cell line. An MTT assay was performed using a device. The survival rate of HUVEC cells after 48 hours of adding copper ferrite (CuFe₂O₄) at a concentration of (25µg/ml) was 99.70%, which is the lowest concentration, while at the highest concentration (400µg/ml), the survival rate of HUVEC cells was 45.38%, and the value was (IC50=311).