جریمة الإبادة الجماعیة ( الایزیدین نموذجاً )
الملخص
أثرت الحرب العالمية الثانية على مفاهيم القانون الدولي الجنائي بشكل واسع وانعكس هذا التأثير على جريمة الإبادة الجماعية بفعل ما ارتكب خلال هذه الحرب من جرائم لذلك سعى المجتمع الدولي لوضع تعريف محدد لهذه الجريمة وتطور هذا التعريف بشكل جوهري مع إبرام اتفاقية جريمة الإبادة الجماعية والمعاقبة عليها لسنة 1948 فضلا عن اشتغال الفقه الجنائي في محاولات صياغة هذا التعريف التي تنوعت بين إيجاد مظاهر مختلفة تمثلت بالإبادة الجسدية والإبادة البيولوجية والإبادة الثقافية، والتصقت بجريمة الإبادة الجماعية خصائص متعددة لعل أبرزها كونها جريمة ذات طابع غير سياسي ولا ترتكب إلا بشكل عمدي، فضلا عن عدم خضوعها للتقادم، وقد تطور مصطلح الإبادة بشكل أكثر تماسكاً مع إقرار النظام الأساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية لسنة 1998، وتتكون جريمة الإبادة الجماعية من ثلاث أركان، هي الركن المادي المشتمل على السلوك الإجرامي الذي تحدد في خمسة صور وهي قتل أفراد الجماعة إلحاق أذى جسدي أو روحي خطير بأعضاء من الجماعة وإخضاع الجماعة عمداً لظروف معيشية يرادُ بها تدميرها الفعلي كلياً أو جزئياً وفرض تدابير تستهدف منع إنجاب الأطفال داخل الجماعة ونقل أطفال من الجماعة عنوة إلى جماعة أخرى، أما الركن المعنوي فإضافة الى توافر القصد العام للجريمة اشترطت النصوص القانونية المعنية بجريمة الإبادة الجماعية توافر القصد الخاص والمتمثل بنية الإهلاك جزئيا او كليا، فضلا عن الركن الدولي بوصفها جريمة دولية وفق الاتفاقية الخاصة بها والنظام الأساسي للمحكمة الجنائية الدولية.
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