الأطر القانونیة لحمایة حقوق ذوی الإعاقة البصریة العراق نموذجا
الملخص
یعد الأشخاص ذوی الاعاقة البصریة من الفئات الضعیفة فی المجتمع ,ولأجل ذلک لابد أن یکون لهم الحق فی الانتصاف وأن تتوافر لهم الحمایة القانونیة اللازمة لحقوقهم الاساسیة فی مختلف مجالات حیاتهم بالنظر لاحتیاجاتهم الخاصة, بما یسهم فی زیادة تفاعلهم مع مجتمعاتهم. وقد وفر القانون الدولی لحقوق الانسان لهذه الشریحة حزمة من الالیات والقواعد القانونیة الدولیة لحمایة حقوقهم , تأتی فی مقدمتها اتفاقیة حقوق الاشخاص ذوی الاعاقة لعام 2006 ، لإلزام الدول ومن ضمنها العراق الذی اصبح طرفا فیها عام 2010 سن تشریعات وطنیة تتیح لهذه الفئة التمتع بحقوقها, فکان اقرار قانون رقم (83) لسنة 2013 الذی وفر الاساس القانونی لحمایة حقوق هذه الشریحة على المستوى الوطنی.
المراجع
- - United Nations General Assembly Resolution, No. 3447 (D-30), of December 9, 1975.
- - Report on the rights of persons with disabilities in Iraq, Human Rights, United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI), December 2016.
- - Al-Qaryouti,Youssef, Issues of the Psychology of Disability and the Care of the Handicapped - Theory and Practice,( Dar Al-Ilm, Kuwait, 1995).
- - Dr. Al-Khatib, Jamal Muhammad and d. Al-Hadidy, Mona Sobhi, The Introduction to Private Soil, first edition (Dar Al-Fikr Press | 2009).
- - Maarouf , Kakel Ahmed, Protection of Persons with Disabilities / Study in International Human Rights Law, Masters Thesi( University of Mosul, College of Law, 2021).
- Ibn Manzur, Lisan Al Arab Dictionary,( Part 5, Dar Sader, Beirut, Lebanon, 2005).
- The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Optional Protocol of 2008.
- The Declaration of the Rights of the Mentally Retarded in 1970.
- The Human Rights Empowerment and Development, available[ http://www.un.org/arabic/disabilities/default.asp?navid=17&pid=651].
- The Iraqi Constitution of 2005.
- Al-Khafaji, Inaam Mahdi Jaber, The Childs Right to Education - A Comparative Study with Islamic Sharia and Some Contemporary Iraqi Legislations, (Babylon University Journal for Human Sciences, Vol. 22, Vol. 2, 2014).
- International Disability Alliance,
- World Blind Union.
- Browse (1) the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness Program. (IAPB) 2021-2022 https://www.iapb.org
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Strategy for the Prevention of Blindness and Deafness,
- - Dr. Munib, Tahani Muhammad Othman, Parents of People with Special Needs and Ways to Guide them,(Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, 1st floor, Riyadh, 2010).
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities of 2006.
- Iraqi Ministry of Education Law No. 22 of 2011.
- Mustafa, Ibrahim, Al-Zayat Ahmed Hassan, Al-Mujam Al-Wasit, Volume 2, The Arabic Language Academy, Cairo, 1961).)
- Rehabilitation of People with Special Needs, Publications of the Women's Association at Assiut University, Egypt, 2004, published on the Internet, the following link: www.gulkids.com.
- The Declaration on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in General for the year 1975.
- Dr. Shehata, Sahar Zidan and dr. Al-Qahtani, Hisham Hussein Misfir, Transition towards digital education according to Vision 2030 in light of some variables from the point of view of workers with disabilities,(Journal of Educational and Psychological Research, Vol. 17, No. 67, 2020).
- - Makhlouf, Abdel Hakim, Education for the Visually Impaired, (Angl-Egyptian Library, Cairo, 2007).
- The Charter of the United Nations 1945.
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948.
- United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 3, The Nature of the State Partys Obligations, http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/94bdbaf59b43a424c12563ed0052b664?Opendocument
- Welfare of People with Disabilities and Special Needs Law No. (38) of 2013.
- Zureik, Zureik Ihab Sobeih Muhammad,Al-Waseet Dictionary,( Dar Al Maaref, Beirut, 2014).
- Dr. Saleh, Ammar Barbar, The Blind Accept Their Disabilities, Journal of the College of Basic Education, Vol. 21, No. 88, 2015.
- Al-Ansar,i Muhammad bin Makram bin Ali bin Manzoor, Lisan Al Arab,( Volume 1, Edition 3, Dar Sader, Beirut 1414 AH).
- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966.
- Law of the Ministry of Youth and Sports No. (25) for the year 2010.
- Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Blind Persons, 2013. https://www.scidev.net/mena/news/facilitating-access-books-visually-impaired/.
- Daoud, Marwa Hussein, Guarantees of the Rights of People with Special Needs under the Constitution of Iraq 2005 (Journal of Legal and Political Sciences - University of Kirkuk, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2018).
- - Thaytas, Ms. Laura -Bergmann and Trommel, Mr. Stefan ,The Efficient Use of International Mechanisms to Monitor, Control and Protect the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Guidance and Guidance Document,(International Disability Federation, Geneva, May 1010).
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966
- Lisan Al Arab, Volume 4, 3rd Edition,( Dar Sader, Beirut, 1414 AH).
- Social Welfare Law No. (126) of 1980.
- World Health Organization report on disability, 2011. On the official website of the organization
- Iraqi Social Protection Law No. (11) of 2014.
- Key Provisions and Benefits of the 2013 Marrakesh Treaty, World Intellectual Property Organization, 2016 www.wipo.int.
- The Marrakesh Treaty on Facilitating Access to Intellectual Works for People with Visual Disabilities of 2013.
- Daoud Al-Farhan, Blind people have a point of view, Al-Sharq al-Awsat newspaper, Tuesday - Rajab 9, 1441 AH - March 03, 2020 AD, issue number [15071]., www.aawsat.com..
- Leila Amzir, Treaty Facilitating Access to Books for People with Visually Impaired Persons, https://www.scidev.net/mena/news/facilitating-access-books-visually-impaired/.
- Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled (2013), www.wipo.int
- Eighth: Reports of the United Nations in Iraq
- Fifthly: International Agreements
- First: Dictionaries
- Fourth: Letters and Theses
- http://www.emro.who.int/ar/control-and-preventions-of-blindness-and-deafness/strategy-and-policy /strategy-and-policy.html
- https://stringfixer.com/en/World_Blind_Union
- https://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org
- Nineth: Iraqi Constitutions and National Laws
- References
- Second: Books
- Seventh: Resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly
- Sixth: Global Advertisements
- Tenth: The Websites of the International Network (Arabic)
- Third: Research
- www.who.int./disabilities/world report/2011 http://.