Al-Uzbaky, Tawfeek. “Arabization in the Umayyad and Abbasid Eras”. Adab Al-Rafidayn 6, no. 7 (October 1, 1976): 45–69. Accessed September 10, 2025. https://edusj.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/34521.