Yahya Al-Mallah, Hashem, Hashem Abdel-Razzaq Al-Tai, Mahmoud Saleh Saeed, and Muhammad Ali Afin. “Postgraduate Studies in the Department of History Between Reality and ambition The Second section Postgraduate Studies in Modern and Contemporary History”. Adab Al-Rafidayn 37, no. 47 (September 1, 2007): 47–78. Accessed September 10, 2025. https://edusj.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/radab/article/view/33967.