Taha Hasan AL-Nassir, S. and Yousif Ibraheem, F. (2020) “The Role of the Abbasid Caliphs in Fortification of Coastal Cities with Byzantine State in the First Abbasid Era (132-232 AH/750-847AD )”, Adab Al-Rafidayn, 50(82), pp. 511–532. doi: 10.33899/radab.2020.166391.