Journal of Wahj Al-Ulom for Pure Sciences

Evaluation of albendazole and mebendazole-loaded polymeric nanoparticles efficacy against larval stages of the Echinococcus granulosus parasite in vitro and in vivo

Doaa Samer Ahmed, Ibrahim Faris Ali , Clare Hoskins — Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study assessed the effectiveness of albendazole and mebendazole-loaded polymeric nanoparticles against protoscoleces in vitro and hydatid cysts in vivo. The results showed that the lethal concentration 50% (LC50) of albendazole-loaded nanoparticles (ABZ-NP) and mebendazole-loaded nanoparticles (MBZ-NP) was 27.35 µg/ml and 141.1 µg/ml, respectively, compared to albendazole (ABZ) and mebendazole (MBZ) alone, which exhibited LC50 values 105.5 µg/ml and 265.1 µg/ml, respectively. In contrast, drug-unloaded polymeric nanoparticles (empty nanoparticles) did not exhibit a significant anti-protoscoleces (protoscolicidal) effect in vitro depending to the control positive group.

The in vivo trials revealed a decrease in the quantity, size, and mass of hydatid cysts in infected mice treated with albendazole- and mebendazole-loaded nanoparticles, in contrast to those treated with unloaded nanoparticles.

Evaluation of the possibility of direct isolation Streptomyces DNA from soils using Real Time PCR and compared to Conventional PCR

Intsar Hazim Hamid, Jassim Fathi Ali — Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

When studying bacterial species, the traditional methods of isolation and laboratory purification were essentially used that required effort and time, which necessitated searching to discover modern technologies to save time and effort to reach same goal. In our study real time was used for amplification Direct DNA isolation chain reaction from different types of soil in Nineveh Governorate, 50 samples were collected, 8 of them were selected to study and apply a comparison between the traditional isolation of Streptomyces DNA and the direct isolation of DNA from the soil using PCR and the real-time amplification chain reaction. The first traditional method of DNA isolation showed Streptomyces presence in selected soil samples. The result was confirmed by using16sRNA, as a second method, direct DNA extraction of eight different soil samples was carried out using PCR and real-time PCR.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Doxycycline Hydrochloride in its pure form and its pharmaceutical preparations using reagent 2,4,6 - tribromo-anline by the Azo coupling reaction

Karam Sh. Shakir , Dawood H. Mohammed — Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This method is aimed at create a simple, fast, sensitive and cost-effective spectrophotometric method for measuring doxycycline hydrochloride in its pure form and in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on diazotization and coupling of a 2,4,6-tribromoaniline reagent in an alkaline medium to give an orange-yellow Azo dye and gave the highest absorption at a wavelength of 500 nm. After conducting numerous experiments to obtain optimal conditions, the linear relationship was governed by beer's law within the range of concentrations 0.5-24 (µg/mL),the molar absorptivity was 2.3 x 10⁴ (l.mol^-1.cm^-1), the Sandel^,s sensitivity value was 0.0205 (µg /cm²), the detection limit (LOD) was 0.0418 (µg/mL), the quantitative limit (LOQ) was 0.287 (µg/mL), and the average recovery percentage was 100.02%, With an accuracy (RSD%) of less than 0.8 %, the method showed that has good accuracy and the method was well applied successfully applied to pharmaceutical preparations as tablets and capsules.

Applications of Coding Theory in Projective Plane of Order 17

Harith Muqdad Ahmad, Nada Yassen Kasm Yahya — Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The goal of this research is to make connection between the projective plane of order 17 and coding theory

Cadmium and its effect on the growth and concentration of chlorophyll and some nutrients in plants (Carthamus tinctorius) and (Silybum marianum)

Ghazi Faisal Wasmi, Hussein Saber Mohammed Ali Al-Rashedy — Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sciences / Department of Biology for the agricultural season 2023-2024 For five months to study the effect of cadmium (CdCl₂) element at concentrations (3, 5, 7, 9) mg/kg soil on Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) and Silybum marianum (Silybum).

The results showed that treating the soil with cadmium at the above concentrations led to a significant increase in the concentration of cadmium in both the soil and the vegetative and root parts of safflower and Silybum plants, specifically when treated with cadmium at the fourth concentration (9) mg/kg soil, as it reached (1.823 , 0.975), (1.468 , 1.507) and (1.414 , 1.766) mg/kg soil, respectively.

While there was a significant decrease in the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotene, reaching (1.179, 0.505), (0.692, 0.332), (1.524,0.688), and (0.661, 0.377) mg/g wet weight, respectively. It was also noted that there was a significant decrease in calcium concentration. Ca and Mg

Plastic granules and their impact on the concentration of some mineral elements and conductivity in the soil

Rabah Hassan Ali Alluhaibi, Hussein Saber Al-Rashedy — Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The current study was conducted in the plastic houses of the (University of Mosul - College of Education for Pure Sciences - Department of Biology), for the academic year 2024 for study the effect of soil pollution with granules of five types of plastic. The results showed that treating the soil with plastic granules of type C at a concentration of 50 and 100 gm/5 kg soil led to a significant decrease in the concentration of both nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium which reached (0.0049, 0.0019 ), (0.1248, 0.0906) and (0.008, 0.008) % respectively compared to their concentration in the comparison treatment, which recorded (0.0059, 0.1959 and 0.0200) %, respectively. When the soil was treated with PET plastic granules, the phosphorus concentration likewise significantly decreased, reaching (0.0632) % as opposed to (0.1959) % in the comparator treatment. Additionally, there was a notable drop in conductivity, which reached (0.714) %

Using The Cross-Validation Method to Predict Computer Model Outputs Using The Stochastic Gaussian Process Regression Model

Zahraa Duraid AL-Khdojuh, Younus Hazim Al-Taweel — Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Computer models (CMs), which are called simulators, may be computationally expensive. Gaussian process regression models (GPRMs) are statistical models that have been used as a surrogate for expensive computer models. GPRMs are built based on assumptions similar to any statistical model. Thus, we must verify the validity of GPRMs before using them. In this paper, we use GPRMs for stochastic computer models (CMs). Then, we discussed how to verify the GPRMs for stochastic CMs by using the Cross-Validation method to predict the GPRMs. The stochastic GPRM was applied to a real CM represented by OTL Circuit function as an illustrative example. The accuracy of the GPRM was verified using stochastic measures, and it was verified that the GPRM is suitable as an alternative to the complex CM.

New Linear code From Projective Plane Over GF(13)

Faris Talal Abdulqader Ahmad, Nada Yassen Kasm Yahya — Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this paper is to create projective linear codes from parameters , based on the Galois field and its Application to Error – Correcting code.

The Relationship Between Folic Acid and Spina Bifida

Safa abdulellah, Maha Al-juboury, Fatimah Al-Hayyali — Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Malformations known as neural tube abnormalities (NTDs) occur during the development of the embryo and are responsible for the majority of birth abnormalities involving the central nervous system. It has been shown that the development of non-traumatic diseases (NTDs) is influenced by both hereditary and environmental variables. The majority of neural axis defects occur in the caudal spinal or cranial regions, An opening in the vertebral arch is a characteristic of spina bifida, a kind of NTD, Although folic acid administration has been researched and documented inside the written works as a means of preventing NTDs, 88,000 people globally pass away from NTDs each year, It is suggested that Women should take 400 μg of folic acid or more every day, Prenatal vitamins are advised to offer the benefits of folic acid and taking supplements during pregnancy has been practiced in several countries for foods including cereal grain productsز

Punctual Graph Topological Space: Expansible and Non-Expansible Cases

Ekhlas S. Malalla , Amir A. Mohammed — Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The relationship between graph theory and topological space is a multifaceted one, where graph theory can be used to represent topological spaces, facilitating their understanding and the solution of associated problems in an effective manner. Additionally, graphs can be generated from topological spaces, opening up new avenues for research in various fields. In this research, we will explore the relationship between graph theory and topological space, and seek to develop a theoretical framework that combines graph topological space with graph theory, focusing on its practical applications in various fields. The main objective of this paper is to present a new method for developing and applying graph topological space in various fields, including urban planning and neuroscience, which can contribute to improving the quality of life in modern societies. The results obtained indicate that this work can contribute to a better understanding of life models and provide assistance in solving some problems in daily life, opening up new avenues for research in various fields, and creating new doors for innovation and improvement in areas of life