ALI, H. Impacts of Ottomans reforms on Bilad Al-Sham and Hijaz. Journal of Education for the Humanities , [S. l.], v. 3, n. 92, p. 537–556, 2023. Disponível em: https://edusj.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/jeh/article/view/43409. Acesso em: 10 sep. 2025.